U-SCOPE and Its Tests

Tests and perception, a vaster scope

Tests are based on a principle: to get results conform to expectations according to some rules. However the comparison of both processes is delimited by perception. Usually these perceptions of input data and output data are overlooked, yet they do exist. These four operations are modelled by a square reproducing a well-know diagram in the mathematical theory of categories. The subjective side ...

The Test Material and the Scope of Tests Carried Out

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in steels of multi-phase structures, composed of a ferritic matrix, in which islets occur, that contain bainite-B, martensite-M and the untransformed austenite-A 1-9 . The multi-phase structure of steel with untransformed austenite promotes the increase of plasticity induced by the phase transformation – the TRIP effect 3-4, 6-8 . In steels con...

Economies of scope in the U . S . telecommunications

This study examines whether the existence of scope economies leads to reductions in unit costs for a sample of the key firms making up the local exchange sector of the United States telecommunications industry. Data for the years 1988 to 1992 are examined and the results establish that the generation of multiple outputs, using the resources infrastructure that the firms possess, does lead to re...

Legal Positivism : Its Scope and Limitations

Common Cause Abduction : Its Scope and Limits

This article aims to analyse the scope and limits of common cause abduction which is a version of explanatory abduction based on Hans Reichenbach’s Principle of the Common Cause. First, it is argued that common cause abduction can be regarded as a rational mechanism for inferring abductive hypotheses that aim to account for the surprising correlations of events. Three arguments are presented in...